Esther M. Zimmer Lederberg
Demonized Jews

The music is Morisco music, found on Iberian Garden, Vol. 1 by Altramar. The piece is Muwashshah: Mā li-l-muwallah, 1113-1198.

This music takes place at the beautiful gardens along the Guadalquiver, near Cordoba. This is during the "convivencia" under Alfonso X (El Sabio - The Wise), the time before Granda fell: when Christians, Moslems and Jews lived at peace with each other. Muwashshah are songs in poetic form, with instrumental interludes in the form of Ibn Bājja (Avempace): 1470-1520. This is Morisco art.
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Demonized Jews
Moses ben Maimon (Maimonides): Córdoba, 1204 AD
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Jews and Conversos were an object of Iberian racial hatred, a view commonly found in Christianity (Catholicism and Lutheranism). Jews were the object of pogroms and the object of Crusader's ideological views of Iberian "Chivalry". This ideological viewpoint was expressed in church art, church sculpture, church music (the anti-Semitic views of Hildegardis Bingensis or Hildegard von Bingen), etc. Not surprisingly, Jews were demonized. Even now, Jews are often asked to be examined to determine what Jewish "horns" look like.

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